22–23 Jul 2026
Heidelberg Congress Center
Europe/Berlin timezone

Exercise training reshapes the systemic immune environment in patients with metastatic breast cancer: results from the PREFERABLE-EFFECT multi-centre randomised-controlled trial

22 Jul 2026, 12:30
5m
Heidelberg Congress Center ( Heidelberg Congress Center )

Heidelberg Congress Center

Heidelberg Congress Center

Czernyring 20 69115 Heidelberg Germany
1 - Scientific Poster Thematic Poster Session

Speaker

Elisa Heyrman (Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden)

Description

Background:
The multinational PREFERABLE-EFFECT RCT (NCT04120298) demonstrated beneficial effects of a 9-month supervised exercise program on fatigue and quality of life among patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). As a secondary outcome of the study, we investigated the impact of the exercise program (2x/week resistance, aerobic and balance training) on systemic inflammation and lymphocyte subsets, and explored their association with fatigue in patients with mBC.

Methods:
Blood samples were collected at baseline (T0) and at 3 (T1) and 6 months (T2) into the intervention. PBMCs were analysed with multicolour flow cytometry and 92 plasma proteins were measured with the Olink immuno-oncology platform. Between-group differences were identified with linear-mixed-models. Associations of physiological and proteomic markers with clinically relevant baseline fatigue (EORTC QLQ-C30) were explored using Ridge logistic regression.

Results:
Consistent trends toward a higher proportion of CD8+T and CD56dim and a lower proportion of CD4+T cells were found in the exercise group(EX). FlowSOM cluster analyses revealed increases of circulating CCR7+CD45RA+KLRGlowCD8+T, CD56-gammadeltaT cell populations and 3 subsets of CD56dim cells compared to controls. Significantly lower levels of inflammatory mediators, including IL-6(T1:-0.28NPX, p=0.01), CSF-1(T1:-0.06NPX, p=0.008), CCL3(T1:-0.15NPX, p=0.008 ; T2:-0.13NPX, p=0.02) and CD8A(T1:-0.15NPX, p=0.01; T2:-0.13NPX, p=0.03) were measured in EX compared to controls. PTN, associated with worse BC survival was lower (T1: -0.19NPX, p=0.04) and two markers involved in cell death TWEAK(T2:+0.08NPX, p =0.04) and CASP-8(T2:+0.24NPX, p=0.007) were increased in EX. At baseline, the exercise-responsive proteins CSF-1, IL-6, TWEAK and PTN were associated with clinically relevant fatigue.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate that the PREFERABLE-EFFECT exercise intervention led to a proportional enrichment of specific immune cell subsets, most of which have a cytotoxic potential, and attenuated chronic inflammation. Multiple exercise responsive proteins were also linked to lower clinically relevant fatigue at baseline, thereby advancing mechanistic understanding of exercise effects in patients with mBC.

Keywords

Breast cancer, exercise intervention, systemic inflammation, fatigue

Abstract submitters declaration yes
Conflict of Interest & Ethical Approval yes

Author

Elisa Heyrman (Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden)

Co-authors

Anouk E. Hiensch (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands) Anna Strömberg (Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden) Martina E. Schmidt (Division of Physical Activity, Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) Evelyn M. Monninkhof (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands) David Walzik (Research Group Sports Medicine, Institute for Sport and Sport Science TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany) Charlotte Wenzel (Research Group Sports Medicine, Institute for Sport and Sport Science TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany) Jana Müller (Exercise Oncology Research Group, Division of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany) Jon Belloso (Gipuzkoa Cancer Unit, OSID, BioGipuzkoa, Osakidetza, San Sebastian, Spain) Nadira Gunasekara (German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany) Maike Sweegers (Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam) Johanna Depenbusch (Division of Physical Activity, Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) Joanna Kufel-Grabowska (Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland) Wiktoria Suchorska (Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland) Renske Altena (TRANslational Theranostics Group – Thuy Tran, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska institutet) Marlene Rietz (Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden) Eric Rullman (Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden) Dorothea Clauss (Division of Physical Activity, Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany & German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany) Mark Trevaskis (Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) Joachim Wiskemann (Exercise Oncology Research Group, Division of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany) Elsken van der Wall (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands) Neil K. Aaronson (Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Elzbieta Senkus (Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland) Ander Urruticoechea (Gipuzkoa Cancer Unit, OSID, BioGipuzkoa, Osakidetza, San Sebastian, Spain) Eva M. Zopf (Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia & Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia) Martijn M. Stuiver (Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Karen Steindorf (Division of Physical Activity, Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany) Wilhelm Bloch (German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany) Yvonne Wengström (Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) Philipp Zimmer (Research Group Sports Medicine, Institute for Sport and Sport Science TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany) Anne M. May (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands & Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Helene Rundqvist (Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden)

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